In the annals of sport, certain rivalries transcend the simple tabulation of wins and losses to become something more—a cultural flashpoint, a testament to human potential, or, in the case of Stephen Proctor’s meticulously researched new book, Matchless, a quiet revolution played out on the windswept links of Britain and America. Proctor, who has previously chronicled the early days of the game, here turns his lens toward the 1920s, an era he frames as the “transformative age for women’s golf”.

At the heart of the narrative are two women who stood as “Empresses of Golf”: the British technician Joyce Wethered and the American competitor Glenna Collett. To read Proctor’s account is to realize that Wethered and Collett were to their era what Jones and Hagen were to theirs—perhaps even more, given the societal “patriarchal world” they were navigating while suffragettes fought for the right to vote just a year before their most famous duels.

Proctor is at his best when reconstructing the high-stakes drama of the 1929 British Ladies’ Championship at St. Andrews. He captures the “frenzied scene” where businesses declared half-day holidays so the Scottish public could witness the final 18 holes. The match itself was a masterpiece of fluctuation: Collett went out in a “scintillating 34,” a score Bernard Darwin—the dean of golf writers—called “overwhelming golf worthy of any male champion”. Yet, Wethered’s “imperturbable temperament” allowed her to claw back from five down to secure a victory that Darwin eventually found himself “at a loss for words” to describe.

What makes Matchless particularly relevant for the modern reader is Proctor’s insistence on the sheer quality of the play. He reminds us that in 1925, Troon was set at 6,415 yards—longer than the setup for the 2024 U.S. Women’s Open a century later. Playing from these “back tees,” Wethered and Collett repeatedly posted scores in the mid-70s, marks that were “unthinkably low for women” at the time and competitive with the men’s Open Championship records of the era.

The book also serves as a vital historical bridge. Proctor traces the lineage of the women’s game back to 1738, when “Charming Sally” won a match at Bruntsfield Links while her husband carried her clubs. He highlights the indispensable work of Issette Pearson, the “despotic” force who founded the Ladies’ Golf Union in 1893 to establish a uniform code of rules and handicapping long before the men’s game achieved similar cohesion.

Proctor’s prose is elegiac, particularly when discussing the “enduring legacy” of these two women who lived to great ages—Collett to 85 and Wethered to 96—but never outlived the legend they created on the Old Course. He concludes by noting that their performance remains, even a century later, “the greatest women’s golf match ever played”.

For the historian, Matchless is a rigorous addition to the library; for the enthusiast, it is a stirring reminder that the “manifest genius” of the game knows no gender. Proctor has not just written a sports book; he has recovered a lost chapter of excellence that, like a perfectly struck iron shot, rings true long after the follow-through.

Pick up your copy of Matchless today.

“Matchless” by Stephen Proctor is published by Arena Sport, an imprint of
Birlinn Limited.

Rating: ★★★★½ out of 5

Ms. Lexi the Golf Guru is a golf enthusiast, instructor, and advocate for inclusion in the game. When she’s not on the course, she can usually be found with her nose in a book, because great stories, like great golf shots, can change everything.

Let’s be honest, golf can be an expensive hobby. Between green fees, balls, and the latest and greatest gear, the costs can add up quickly. But what if I told you that you could build a high-performing bag without breaking the bank? The secret lies in the world of used golf clubs. In this guide, we’ll explore the ins and outs of buying used clubs, helping you find fantastic deals on quality equipment.

Why Buy Used? The Smart Golfer’s Advantage

Besides the obvious cost savings, buying used golf clubs has several other benefits. For one, you can often get clubs that are only a season or two old for a fraction of their original price. This means you can play with premium technology without the premium price tag. Additionally, buying used is a great way to experiment with different brands and models to find what truly works for your game without a major financial commitment.

Where to Find the Best Deals on Used Golf Clubs

Navigating the second-hand market can be tricky, but there are several reputable places to find great deals on used clubs.

Online Retailers

Websites like Callaway Pre-Owned, GlobalGolf, and 2nd Swing are fantastic resources. They offer a massive selection of clubs from all major brands, and they often provide detailed descriptions and condition ratings. Plus, they usually offer a trial period or return policy, which takes a lot of the risk out of buying online.

Local Golf Shops and Play It Again Sports

Don’t overlook your local golf shops. Many of them have a used club section, and the staff can often provide valuable insights and recommendations. Similarly, stores like Play It Again Sports can be a goldmine for used equipment, especially for beginner and intermediate players.

eBay and Facebook Marketplace

For the truly adventurous bargain hunter, eBay and Facebook Marketplace can offer some of the best deals. However, be prepared to do your homework. Scrutinize the pictures, ask the seller questions, and be wary of deals that seem too good to be true. Always check the seller’s ratings and reviews before making a purchase.

What to Look For When Buying Used Clubs

When you’re inspecting a potential purchase, here are a few key things to look for:

•Grips: Check for excessive wear, cracking, or slickness. Worn-out grips will need to be replaced, which can add to the overall cost.

•Shafts: Inspect the shafts for any dents, dings, or signs of rust. These can affect the club’s performance and durability.

•Clubfaces: Look for any major dings, deep scratches, or excessive wear on the grooves. Minor cosmetic blemishes are fine, but significant damage can impact how the ball comes off the face.

•Authenticity: Be cautious of counterfeit clubs, especially when buying from individual sellers. If a deal seems too good to be true, it probably is. Stick to reputable sellers and be wary of clubs with blurry logos or unusual paint fills.

The Hacker’s Playbook for Buying Used

•Know Your Specs: Before you start shopping, have a general idea of what you’re looking for in terms of shaft flex, loft, and club model.

•Be Patient: Don’t rush into a purchase. The used club market is constantly changing, so be patient and wait for the right deal to come along.

•Don’t Be Afraid to Haggle: Especially when buying from individual sellers, don’t be afraid to negotiate on the price.

Buying used golf clubs is a smart way to save money and build a bag that you love. With a little bit of research and a keen eye for detail, you can find some incredible deals on high-quality equipment. Have you had success buying used clubs? Share your best finds in the comments below!

It’s a scenario every golfer knows intimately: you’ve just striped a perfect drive down the middle of the fairway, only to follow it up with a chunked iron shot that barely advances the ball. Frustration mounts, your focus shatters, and the rest of the hole—and perhaps the round—unravels. While we often blame our swing mechanics for these inconsistencies, the true culprit frequently lies between our ears. Research consistently shows that the mental game accounts for a staggering 70-90% of performance in golf . Yet, despite its monumental importance, studies reveal that only about 14% of golfers regularly practice their mental skills .

This article is designed to change that. We will explore the critical role of psychology in golf, break down the most common mental errors that sabotage your scores, and provide you with professional-grade techniques and practical drills to build an unshakeable mental game. By the end, you will have a clear roadmap to not only lower your handicap but also to find more joy and resilience on the course.

Why the Mental Game is Your Most Important Club

In golf, a quiet mind is a powerful asset. Your mental and emotional state directly influences your physical capabilities. When you are calm, focused, and confident, your body is relaxed, and your swing can flow freely and naturally. Conversely, when you are anxious, angry, or distracted, your muscles tighten, your coordination suffers, and your swing mechanics break down. This isn’t just a feeling; it’s a physiological reality. Negative emotions trigger a fight-or-flight response, which is fundamentally at odds with the fine motor control required for a successful golf shot .

A 2025 systematic review on mental fatigue in golf further highlights this connection. The research found that prolonged mental exertion during a round directly leads to a decline in performance, affecting everything from driving distance and iron accuracy to, most significantly, putting . Every decision, every calculation, and every moment of frustration depletes your cognitive resources, making it harder to execute shots as the round progresses. Mastering the mental game is therefore not just about thinking positively; it’s about efficiently managing your mental energy.

The 5 Mental Mistakes Costing You Strokes (and How to Fix Them)

Based on extensive analysis of amateur golfers, sports psychologists have identified several recurring mental errors. Here are five of the most common, along with strategies to overcome them, adapted from the work of mental game coach David MacKenzie .

Building an Unshakeable Mental Game: Pro-Level Techniques

Top professional golfers are masters of the mental game. They employ specific techniques to stay focused, confident, and resilient under immense pressure. Here are a few you can incorporate into your own game.

The Power of a “Pre-Shot Creation”

Instead of a rigid, robotic pre-shot routine, think of it as a “pre-shot creation.” This concept, inspired by the approach of players like Tiger Woods, reframes the process as an artistic and imaginative one . Rather than just going through the motions, you should feel the shot, engage your senses, and become genuinely interested in the unique puzzle each shot presents. This fosters a state of deep presence and curiosity, quieting the analytical mind.

Tiger Woods worked extensively with navy psychologist Dr. Jay Brunza early in his career, developing what he called “game training.” Woods emphasized the importance of bringing attention to “THIS SHOT in THIS moment” and described feeling the shot in his fingers rather than relying solely on visualization. At his best, Woods found a way to be immensely interested in each shot, playing from a position of curiosity rather than anxiety .

Mastering Your Mind: Awareness Over Control

One of the biggest paradoxes in golf psychology is that trying to control your thoughts often backfires. Telling yourself “don’t hit it in the water” only makes the water a more prominent feature in your mind . The key is not to suppress negative thoughts but to change your relationship with them through mindfulness and awareness. Acknowledge the thought without judgment, and then gently guide your focus back to your target and your breathing. The best players don’t have fewer negative thoughts; they are simply more skilled at not letting them take over.

Research shows that the average person has approximately 70,000 thoughts per day, with more than two-thirds being negative . The difference between elite golfers and amateurs is not the quantity of negative thoughts but how they respond to them. Elite players have developed the skill of awareness—noticing thoughts without becoming entangled in them—allowing the thoughts to pass like clouds in the sky.

Breathe Like a Champion

Breathing is one of the most powerful and simple tools for managing your physiological state. When you feel pressure mounting, your breathing becomes shallow and rapid. By consciously slowing it down, you can signal to your nervous system that it’s time to calm down. A popular and effective technique is Box Breathing:

1.Inhale slowly for a count of four.

2.Hold your breath for a count of four.

3.Exhale slowly for a count of four.

4.Hold your breath for a count of four.

Repeating this cycle just a few times can significantly lower your heart rate and reduce muscle tension, allowing you to approach the shot from a state of calm focus .

The Science Behind Mental Training

Recent research validates what professional golfers have known intuitively for decades. A brain training study conducted with UCLA Golf demonstrated remarkable results: participants increased their greens in regulation by 12% and decreased three-putts per round by 9.7%. Perhaps most impressively, these improvements were sustained eight weeks after the training concluded . This demonstrates that mental skills, like physical skills, can be trained and improved with consistent practice.

A 2024 neuroscience study revealed that expert golfers exhibit distinct brain activity patterns during successful putts compared to unsuccessful ones. The research emphasized that mental preparation—not just physical technique—is the key differentiator between making and missing putts . This finding underscores the importance of developing a consistent mental routine before every shot.

Putting It Into Practice: Drills for a Stronger Mind

Improving your mental game requires consistent practice, just like your swing. Here are a few drills you can incorporate into your routine:

Pressure Putting Drill: Place three balls at 3, 6, and 9 feet from the hole. You must make all three in a row to complete the drill. If you miss, you start over. This simulates pressure and forces you to focus on your routine for each putt. As you improve, increase the difficulty by adding more balls or extending the distances.

Mindfulness on the Range: During your practice sessions, take a few moments between shots to simply be present. Feel the grip in your hands, notice the breeze, and listen to the sounds around you. This trains your ability to stay in the present moment, which is essential for peak performance on the course.

Post-Round Journaling: After each round, take five minutes to write down one thing you did well mentally and one mental challenge you faced. This builds self-awareness and helps you identify patterns in your mental game. Over time, you will notice recurring themes that you can address in your practice.

Target Practice with Consequences: On the range, pick a specific target for every shot—not just a general area. If you miss your target, perform a small penalty like five push-ups or hitting the next shot with your opposite hand. This adds consequences to your practice, making it more similar to on-course conditions where every shot matters.

Key Takeaways for Your Next Round

As you prepare for your next round, keep these fundamental principles in mind:

Trust over control. The more you try to consciously control your swing, the more tension you create. Trust the swing you have practiced and let your body execute naturally.

Process over outcome. Make your pre-shot routine your primary goal for every shot. When you focus on executing your process flawlessly, good scores follow naturally.

Awareness over suppression. You cannot eliminate negative thoughts, but you can change your relationship with them. Notice them, acknowledge them, and gently return your focus to the present moment.

Precision over generality. Always pick the smallest possible target. This sharpens your focus and gives your subconscious mind a clear objective.

Compassion over criticism. Treat yourself with the same kindness and encouragement you would offer a playing partner. Negative self-talk only compounds mistakes and drains your confidence.

Conclusion

The journey to mastering the mental game of golf is ongoing, but it is one of the most rewarding pursuits in the sport. By understanding the profound impact of your mind on your performance, recognizing common mental errors, and consistently practicing proven psychological techniques, you can unlock a new level of consistency, resilience, and enjoyment on the golf course. Remember, the next time you step onto the tee, your most powerful tool isn’t in your bag—it’s in your head. The difference between a good round and a great round often comes down to how well you manage the six inches between your ears.

Start small. Pick one technique from this article—perhaps developing a consistent pre-shot routine or practicing Box Breathing before important shots—and commit to it for your next three rounds. Track your progress, notice the changes, and gradually incorporate additional mental skills into your game. The mental game is not a quick fix, but a lifelong practice that will serve you well both on and off the course.

References

[1] NeuroTrackerX. (2023, December 1). Why Golf Performance is 90% Mental.

[2] McCarthy, P. (2025, November 8). The Mental Game of Golf: Pro Secrets You Haven’t Heard Before.

[3] Colorado Senior Golfers’ Association. The Brain Game – Spring Edition.

[4] McCarthy, P. (2025, November 8). The Mental Game of Golf: Pro Secrets You Haven’t Heard Before.

[5] Pan, X., et al. (2025). Mental fatigue in golf: A systematic review. PLOS ONE.

[6] MacKenzie, D. (n.d.). 5 Mental Mistakes You Should Never Make on the Golf Course. Practical Golf.

[7] Mind Caddie. (2025, November 9). Tiger Woods’ Mental Strategies.

[8] Whitehead, A. (2025, July 20). How to Stay Calm Under Pressure – Breathing Techniques for Clutch Shots.

[9] MyTPI. Mental Game: Brain Training Study With UCLA Golf.

[10] PsyPost. (2024, August 15). Golf: New neuroscience study reveals the secrets of better putting.